Which laboratory tests are considered the most reliable indicators of HIV infection progression?

The most reliable indicators of HIV infection progression are the CD4 count and viral load. The CD4 count measures the number of CD4 T lymphocytes in the blood, which is crucial because these cells play a significant role in the immune system, helping fight off infections. A decrease in CD4 count indicates a weakened immune system and reflects the progression of HIV infection toward AIDS.

Viral load, on the other hand, quantifies the amount of HIV in the bloodstream. A higher viral load signifies a greater level of active viral replication, indicating that the infection is progressing. Monitoring both of these measures helps clinicians assess the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy and make informed decisions regarding treatment adjustments. Together, they provide a comprehensive picture of an individual's health status in relation to HIV.

In contrast, while Western Blot and ELISA tests are used for the initial diagnosis of HIV infection, they do not provide information about the disease's progression. WBC count may offer some insights into general immune function but is not specific for HIV progression. Hence, the combination of CD4 count and viral load is regarded as the most reliable for tracking HIV infection progression.