What is the most common cause of constipation in older adults?

Medication side effects are indeed the most common cause of constipation in older adults. This population often takes multiple medications for various chronic conditions, many of which can have gastrointestinal side effects, including constipation. Opioids, certain antidepressants, antihypertensives, and antacids containing aluminum or calcium are particularly well-known for contributing to this issue.

While dehydration, a lack of fiber, and inactivity can also play significant roles in causing constipation, they are often seen as less prominent when compared to the influence of medications. For older adults who may already be taking medications that affect bowel motility, the addition of dehydration or a low-fiber diet can exacerbate the situation, but the initiation typically stems from the pharmacologic agents being used. Understanding this can help healthcare providers more effectively address and manage constipation in their older adult patients.