What is the most common fluid and electrolyte imbalance in patients over 65 years of age?

The most common fluid and electrolyte imbalance in patients over 65 years of age is indeed attributed to dehydration. This population is particularly vulnerable to dehydration due to several factors, including decreased thirst sensation, age-related physiological changes, and the presence of chronic illnesses or medications that can further exacerbate fluid loss.

As people age, the body's total water content decreases, and kidney function may decline, leading to a reduced ability to concentrate urine. This can make it more challenging for older adults to maintain adequate hydration. Additionally, conditions like diabetes, heart failure, and certain medications such as diuretics can contribute to fluid imbalances.

While hypokalemia and hypercalcemia are important electrolyte imbalances to consider, they are not as prevalent in the elderly as dehydration. Dehydration's impact on electrolyte levels is significant, but it is primarily the underlying fluid loss that is the most common issue observed among older adults, often resulting from inadequate fluid intake or increased fluid losses. Understanding the high incidence of dehydration in this demographic is crucial for appropriate management and prevention strategies in primary care settings.